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\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039b\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2-\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac (Keywords)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, Kant, Rawls, \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7 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\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1-\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (neuroanatomy) \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (interhemispheric connectivity), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (intrahemispheric connectivity). \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 (corpus callosum), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.\u00b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 <strong>Carol Gilligan<\/strong> (\u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2) \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 Gilligan, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 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Benenson<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 4\u20135 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 Benenson \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.\u00b3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9) \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac 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\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 <strong>Cordelia Fine<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 <strong>Gina Rippon<\/strong> \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.\u2074<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1; \u0397 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac, \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5; \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b9 Ingalhalikar, Madhura, et al. \u201cSex Differences in the Structural Connectome of the Human Brain.\u201d <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> 111, no. 2 (2014): 823\u2013828.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b2 Gilligan, Carol. <em>In a Different Voice<\/em>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b3 Benenson, Joyce F., et al. \u201cSocial Affiliative Behavior in Toddlers: Sex Differences and Correlates.\u201d <em>International Journal of Behavioral Development<\/em> 22, no. 4 (1998): 729\u2013752.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2074 Fine, Cordelia. <em>Delusions of Gender<\/em>. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010; Rippon, Gina. <em>The Gendered Brain<\/em>. London: Bodley Head, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u039d\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd:<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u0399 \u2013 \u03a6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u0399\u0399 \u2013 \u03a6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1<\/strong>: \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03c6\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03a4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u0399\u0399\u0399 \u2013 \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>: \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 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McCarthy, Margaret M., et al. \u201cSex Differences in the Brain: The Not So Inconvenient Truth.\u201d <em>Journal of Neuroscience Research<\/em> 95, no. 1\u20132 (2017): 12\u201319.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup> Lenroot, Rhoshel K., and Jay N. Giedd. \u201cSex Differences in the Adolescent Brain.\u201d <em>Brain and Cognition<\/em> 72, no. 1 (2010): 46\u201355.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup> Fine, Cordelia. <em>Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference<\/em>. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>4<\/sup> Rippon, Gina. <em>The Gendered Brain<\/em>. London: Bodley Head, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>5<\/sup> Sherwin, Susan. \u201cA Relational Approach to Autonomy in Health Care.\u201d In <em>The Politics of Women\u2019s Health: Exploring Agency and Autonomy<\/em>, edited by Susan Sherwin, 19\u201347. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>6<\/sup> Tong, Rosemarie. <em>Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction<\/em>. Boulder: Westview Press, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 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\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u00b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 <strong>Emily Martin<\/strong> \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf, \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba.\u03bf.\u03ba.), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2.\u00b9 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2.\u00b2 \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 <strong>Cordelia Fine<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>Gina Rippon<\/strong> \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u201c\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u201d \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1.\u00b3&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b9 Martin, Emily. <em>The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction<\/em>. Boston: Beacon Press, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b2 Sherwin, Susan. \u201cA Relational Approach to Autonomy in Health Care.\u201d In <em>The Politics of Women\u2019s Health: Exploring Agency and Autonomy<\/em>, edited by Susan Sherwin, 19\u201347. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b3 Fine, Cordelia. <em>Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference<\/em>. New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 2010; Rippon, Gina. <em>The Gendered Brain<\/em>. London: Bodley Head, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u0397 \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 (ethics of care) \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1980, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>Carol Gilligan<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <strong>Nel Noddings<\/strong>. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1-\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 (stages of moral development) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>Lawrence Kohlberg<\/strong>. \u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Kohlberg \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.\u00b9&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Kohlberg \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Carol Gilligan (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Kohlberg).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 Carol Gilligan \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u201c<em>In a Different Voice\u201d<\/em>, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.\u00b2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc: \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 &#8220;\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1&#8221;. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 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\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd.\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 <strong>Virginia Held<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 <strong>Joan Tronto<\/strong>, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 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\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u201c\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b9 Kohlberg, Lawrence. \u201cThe Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice.\u201d In <em>Essays on Moral Development<\/em>, Vol. 1. San Francisco: Harper &amp; Row, 1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b2 Gilligan, Carol. <em>In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women\u2019s Development<\/em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b3 Held, Virginia. <em>The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2074 Tronto, Joan. <em>Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethics of Care<\/em>. New York: Routledge, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u00bb \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 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\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u00b2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae, \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 Kleingeld, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 John Rawls, \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03c0\u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7.\u207d\u00b3\u207e \u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u0391\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b9 Immanuel Kant, <em>Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals<\/em>, trans. Mary Gregor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b2 Ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b3 John Rawls, <em>A Theory of Justice<\/em> (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u00b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u201c\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u201d, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.\u00b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 (emotional labor). \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7.\u00b2 \u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf Arlie Russell Hochschild, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u201c\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2\u201d \u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u201c\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u201d \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u201c\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u201d \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.\u00b3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Rios-Gonz\u00e1lez et al. \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5: \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u201c\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u201d \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u201c\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u201d. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.\u2074<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2: \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u039f \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u2014 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b9 Susan Moller Okin, \u201cJustice and Gender,\u201d <em>Philosophy &amp; Public Affairs<\/em> 16, no. 1 (1987): 42\u201372.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b2 Arlie Russell Hochschild, <em>The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling<\/em> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b3 Joan Tronto, <em>Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethics of Care<\/em> (New York: Routledge, 1993).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2074 Oriol Rios-Gonz\u00e1lez et al., \u201cThe Language of Ethics and Double Standards in the Affective and Sexual Socialization of Youth,\u201d <em>Frontiers in Sociology<\/em> 3 (2018): 1\u201311.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsoc.2018.00019\">&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1: \u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 8, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03ce \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benenson, Joyce F., et al. \u201cSocial Affiliative Behavior in Toddlers: Sex Differences and Correlates.\u201d International Journal of Behavioral Development 22, no. 4 (1998): 729\u2013752.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fine, Cordelia. Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women\u2019s Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Held, Virginia. The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hochschild, Arlie Russell. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Immanuel Kant. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by Mary Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ingalhalikar, Madhura, et al. \u201cSex Differences in the Structural Connectome of the Human Brain.\u201d Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 2 (2014): 823\u2013828.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Rawls. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kohlberg, Lawrence. \u201cThe Philosophy of Moral Development: Moral Stages and the Idea of Justice.\u201d In Essays on Moral Development, Vol. 1. San Francisco: Harper &amp; Row, 1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lenroot, Rhoshel K., and Jay N. Giedd. \u201cSex Differences in the Adolescent Brain.\u201d Brain and Cognition 72, no. 1 (2010): 46\u201355.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Martin, Emily. The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction. Boston: Beacon Press, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McCarthy, Margaret M., et al. \u201cSex Differences in the Brain: The Not So Inconvenient Truth.\u201d Journal of Neuroscience Research 95, no. 1\u20132 (2017): 12\u201319.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okin, Susan Moller. \u201cJustice and Gender.\u201d Philosophy &amp; Public Affairs 16, no. 1 (1987): 42\u201372.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rippon, Gina. The Gendered Brain. London: Bodley Head, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rios-Gonz\u00e1lez, Oriol, et al. \u201cThe Language of Ethics and Double Standards in the Affective and Sexual Socialization of Youth.\u201d Frontiers in Sociology 3 (2018): 1\u201311.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sherwin, Susan. \u201cA Relational Approach to Autonomy in Health Care.\u201d In The Politics of Women\u2019s Health: Exploring Agency and Autonomy, edited by Susan Sherwin, 19\u201347. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tong, Rosemarie. Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction. Boulder: Westview Press, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tronto, Joan. Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethics of Care. New York: Routledge, 1993.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac; \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1; \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2; \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf; \u03a4\u03bf \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12,"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions\/12"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hitl.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}